C++ Tutorial for Beginners

Updated: feb 15, 2025, by shubham mishra

C++ is a powerful, high-performance programming language that closely models real-world problem-solving approaches. It is based on the Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) paradigm, which simplifies software development and maintenance through core concepts such as objects, classes, and inheritance.

What is C++?

C++ is an object-oriented programming language designed to enhance C by incorporating OOP features. Some key characteristics of C++ include:

• Encapsulation: Data and functions that operate on the data are bundled together within a class.
• Inheritance: A class can inherit properties and behaviors from another class, promoting code reusability.
• Polymorphism: The ability to define multiple behaviors for a function based on context.

Key Features of C++

• Default return type in C++ is integer (int).
• Data and functions inside a class are private by default.
• Variables in C++ are named memory locations used to store modifiable values.
• Every variable must be declared before use.

History of C++ Programming Language

• Year: 1982
• Developed By: Bjarne Stroustrup
• Lab: Bell Labs
• Company: AT&T

How to Write a Basic C++ Program

Here’s a simple C++ program to get started:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout << "Hello, World!";
    return 0;
}

Explanation:

• #include : Includes the input-output stream library.
• int main(): The entry point of the program.
• cout: Used to display output.
• return 0: Indicates successful program execution.

Taking User Input in C++

To take user input, use the cin function:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int age;
    cout << "Enter your age: ";
    cin >> age;
    cout << "You entered: " << age;
    return 0;
}

Explanation:

• cin: Used to take input from the user.
• cout: Displays the entered value.

Conclusion

C++ is a robust programming language used for system programming, game development, and high-performance applications. Understanding its OOP principles and syntax is crucial for beginners to start their coding journey.

Additional Resources

• C++ Official Documentation
• C++ GitHub Repositories

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