C Conditional Statements: IF, IF-Else, and Nested Blocks

Introduction

Conditional statements are crucial in C programming. They control the flow of execution based on specified conditions. This guide explains the if, if-else, and nested if statements with proper syntax and examples.

IF Statement in C

The if statement executes a block of code only if a given condition evaluates to true.

Syntax:

if (condition or expression) {
   /* block of code */
}

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
   int a = 15;

   if (a < 20) {
      if (a < 10)
         printf("a is less than 10\n");
      else if (a == 10) // Fixed assignment operator error (a=10 to a == 10)
         printf("a is equal to 10\n");
      else
         printf("a is greater than 10\n");
   }

   printf("Value of a is: %d\n", a);
   return 0;
}

Explanation:

1. Declares an integer a with the value 15.
2. The outer if statement checks if a < 20, which is true.
3. The nested if-else block evaluates further:
   • If a < 10, prints "a is less than 10".
   • If a == 10, prints "a is equal to 10" (fixed comparison error).
   • Otherwise, prints "a is greater than 10".

Conclusion

• The if-else statement allows decision-making in C.
• Nested if statements help evaluate multiple conditions.
• C is case-sensitive, so if and else must be in lowercase.

Here we see a exapmle of  If Else in C language .